Toronto, situated on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, ravines, and urban forests, has been home to Indigenous peoples for more than 10,000 years. Following the disputed Toronto Purchase, the British established the town of York in 1793, which later became the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, York endured significant damage during the Battle of York. The city was renamed Toronto in 1834, and by 1867, with the formation of the Canadian Confederation, Toronto became the capital of Ontario. Over the years, the city expanded its boundaries through annexations and amalgamations, now covering 630.2 km² (243.3 sq mi).

Toronto’s diverse population reflects its role as a prime destination for immigrants, with approximately half of its residents born outside Canada. Over 200 ethnic origins are represented, and more than 160 languages are spoken across the city. This multicultural environment contributes to Toronto’s status as one of the most cosmopolitan cities globally. The city’s government is led by a mayor, elected through a direct popular vote, and the Toronto City Council comprises 25 councillors, representing geographical wards across the city.

As a prominent cultural hub, Toronto is a major center for music, theatre, and motion picture and television production. It hosts numerous festivals, museums, galleries, and public events, attracting over 43 million visitors each year. Iconic landmarks like the CN Tower, which remains the tallest freestanding structure on land outside of Asia, are central to the city's skyline.

Economically, Toronto is a powerhouse, housing the Toronto Stock Exchange and the headquarters of Canada’s five largest banks, along with many multinational corporations. Its diverse economy thrives in various sectors, including technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, and aerospace. Toronto ranks as the third-largest tech hub in North America, trailing only Silicon Valley and New York City, and is the fastest-growing among them. With its blend of history, culture, and economic influence, Toronto continues to be a major global city and a leading force in innovation.